G01. Korean Sentence Structure

Korean Sentence are usually "subject+object+verb". But it can be changed its position unlikely English since the nouns are to be a subject or object depending on which particle followed by.

<Korean Sentence Features>:

1. Sentence ends with Verb
2. Noun to be a subject or object decided by the particle type
3. Has a post-position but not preposition
4. Modifying details are located before the noun

1. Verb

1) Verb = Stem + endings/connectors: its root/original form in the dictionary is "stem+다".

2) 4 types of verb: 
(1) Action verbs 먹다 eat, 가다 go
(2) Descriptive verbs 크다 be big, 작다 be small 
(3) noun+ 이다 학생이에요 be a student, 학교예요 be a school
(4) -있다/없다 질문이 있다 have a question, 질문이 없다 don't have a question
 재미있다 be interesting (one word as a descriptive verb)

2. Topic particle, Subject particle and Object particle

1) Topic particle "-은/는" is followed by a noun and makes this noun as a topic in the sentence. If there is no subject, this noun followed by '-은/는' topic particle can be interpreted as a subject. ex) 저는 학생이에요. 내일은 바쁠거예요.
2) Subject particle "-이/가" is followed by a noun and makes this noun as a subject in the sentence. ex) 저 가수가 멋있어요.  그 사람이  공연장에 와요.
3) Object particle "-을/를" is followed by a noun and makes this noun as an object in the sentence. 저는 밥을 먹고 있어요. 그 가수가 노래를 불렀어요.
4) Possessive particle "-의" indicates belongings 그건 엄마의 모자예요. -> It is Mom's hat.


*When the noun is ending with a consonant, the particles are 은/이/을. 
*When the noun is ending with a vowel, the particles are 는/가/를.

3. Post-position: Particles

Post-position are like particles coming with a noun and similar to English prepositions but it is located after the noun. 

1) "-에서" : a location particle to indicate where the action takes a place 식당에서 밥을 먹어요. 
2) "-에": (1) direction particle 학교에 가요. (2) time particle 아침 8시에 일어나요.
3) "-으로/로" indicate (1) destination 미국으로 유학가요. (2) by means 연필로 써요. 영어로 말해요. 버스로 가요.
4) "-부터 -까지": duration of time 오늘부터 내일까지 쉬어요.
5) "-에서 -까지" duration of distance 집에서 학교까지 10분 걸려요.
6) "-에게/한테", "-에게서/한테서" indicate the person that the action (주다/받다) reaches. 친구에게 선물을 줘요. 부모님한테서 선물을 받아요.

4. Modifier (Verb+ 는, 은/ㄴ, 을/ㄹ)

좋아하는 사람=  the person that (I) like 
작은 가방 = small bag
먹은 음식 = the food that (I) ate
읽을 책 = the book that (I) will read